喉咙 癌症
Overview
包括喉部的癌症, 舌根, 扁桃体, 咽, 或者从鼻道延伸到口到食道和鼻窦的管子叫做口咽癌和下咽癌.
Risk factors for developing throat cancer may include:
- 吸烟
- 酗酒
- 少吃水果和蔬菜
- Drinking maté, a stimulant drink common in South America
- Chewing betel quid, a stimulant commonly used in parts of Asia
- Being infected with human papillomavirus (HPV)
我们治疗喉癌的方法
UCSF offers cutting-edge diagnostic and treatment options for throat cancer, delivered in a comfortable and supportive environment. 我们的目标是在治疗癌症的同时尽可能保留语言和吞咽功能.
为了让每位患者获得最好的治疗结果,我们的团队包括广泛的专家. These include head and neck surgeons, 耳鼻喉科专家, 医疗肿瘤学家, reconstructive surgeons and radiation oncologists, as well as experts in speech-language pathology, 营养学和心理肿瘤学.
奖 & 识别
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Among the top hospitals in the nation
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北加州最好的,排名第一. 全国癌症治疗排名第七
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One of the nation's best for ear, nose & 喉咙保健
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Designated comprehensive cancer center
迹象 & 症状
Symptoms of throat cancer may include:
- 喉咙痛不能消失
- 咳嗽
- 疼痛或吞咽困难
- 莫名其妙的减肥
- 耳朵疼痛
- A lump in the back of the 口, throat or neck
- 晚期肿瘤可能侵入声带,引起声音嘶哑或呼吸困难
- Bleeding from the throat or blood-tinged sputum
诊断
In making a diagnosis of throat cancer, your doctor will start by recording your medical history, 询问你可能遇到的任何症状,并进行彻底的身体检查. 您的十大赌博平台排行榜也可能会建议您进行以下一项或多项诊断测试:
- 内窥镜检查 该检查在手术室全身麻醉下进行,以确定肿瘤的范围. 在手术过程中, 内窥镜显示胃肠道和呼吸道的上半部分, 它们很长, thin and flexible tubes equipped with a tiny video camera and light on the end. 内窥镜用于检查咽喉和呼吸道中在体检中看不到的区域. Other areas examined include the esophagus, trachea and bronchi of the lungs. 内窥镜有一个通道,允许仪器通过,以便采集组织样本. By adjusting the various controls on the endoscope, 十大赌博平台排行榜可以安全地操作仪器,仔细检查胃肠道和呼吸道上部的内壁. The high-quality picture from the endoscope is shown on a TV monitor. In many cases, endoscopy is a more precise examination than X-ray studies.
- 成像测试 Your doctor may also recommend imaging tests, such as a 计算机断层扫描, positron emission tomography (PET) scan, or 核磁共振成像, 这提供了关于肿瘤分期的额外信息,以及癌症是否已经扩散到颈部或身体其他部位的周围淋巴结.
治疗
手术
手术前, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会和你详细讨论这个过程,并讨论任何可能的副作用.
If the tumor is small and localized, surgery will often successfully remove the tumor with few side effects. 然而, if the tumor is advanced and has spread to surrounding areas, 手术范围更广,可能会切除部分喉咙, 口, 下颚或喉部. 在这些情况下,你说话、咀嚼、吞咽和呼吸的能力可能会受到影响.
重建手术可以帮助你恢复容貌,恢复语言和吞咽功能. 口腔内的假体装置可以代替牙齿、牙龈和下颌的部分切除. 在晚期病例中, 你可能需要用管子喂食和呼吸,说话时需要人工助听器.
你还将与语言病理学家一起帮助你解决与说话和吞咽有关的问题. 除了, 你可以和营养师一起工作,他们会帮助你制定一个营养计划,包括容易吞咽和咀嚼的健康食品.
放射治疗
Radiation therapy can be used for select small tumors as primary treatment. 对于晚期肿瘤,也可在手术后或与化疗联合使用.
化疗
化疗 is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. 研究人员正在寻找治疗喉癌的有效药物或药物组合. 他们还在探索将化疗与其他形式的癌症治疗相结合的方法,以帮助摧毁肿瘤并防止疾病扩散.
晚期肿瘤, chemotherapy is often given in combination with radiation therapy, typically in the setting of a therapeutic clinical trial.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.
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